With water there are lots of issues. In fact I wrote a paper on it.
But the first thing you have to do is switch to the VL53L4CD or VL53L4CX.
The reason for the switch is that the field of view of the L4 is narrower. And only the light that strikes the water exactly perpendicular will reflect the way you need it to. All the other light hits the bottom, or sides, is slowed by the water and reflects making a mess of the measurement.
But go to ST.com, search for VL53L4CD and look at the documentation. There is a good paper on actually how to do it.
The bottom of your container should be flat black - or if you container is clear, set it on a black surface. Then make sure the sensor is near the middle - so the sides don't interfere.
Then invest in the VL53L4CX eval kit (it's $26) X-Nucleo-53L4A2. It's just the blue board and you have to mate it with the white Nucleo board you have from your VL53L0 setup.
But the document will tell you want to do.
It's a short document - and I've included it below.