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Associate
May 20, 2025
Solved

VL53L1X Low Range issue

  • May 20, 2025
  • 11 replies
  • 1226 views

We use the VL53L1X in one of our products and have been doing that for over 2+ years now. As this device is not easily solderable, we have been relying on the Chinese supply of breakout boards used in the hobby market. 

 

Just recently we are facing range issues with entire lots of this sensor based boards. All of them exhibit range issues where the Sensor is unable to detect beyond 30 to 40cm. I thought it could be a calibration or offset issue. I've tried getting offset values using the 17% Gray sheets as recommended. Any help in this regard will be appreciated. Thanks.

 

 

Best answer by John E KVAM

If you want to know what happened, you have to return the sensors. Find another bad on that you have not taken apart and start the return process. It's called return for RMA. (Return Merchandise Authorization)

But the process is not simple. You have to send the parts back through the chain that you bought them from. Generally, this is a distributor. Sometimes the company doing your assembly bought them from the distributor. It all goes back to ST the same way it came. 

That allows us to know who bought them, who soldered them, who stored them and for how long and a bunch of other bits of information that you are not aware of.

But looking at those pictures, there really is only one conclusion. Someone cooked them. They were cooked way too long at way too high a heat. 

The sensor's expected lifetime is so long, that your 'cataract' is not age related. It's heat. 

Start with your manufacturer, ask them for the refund. If they want to get that refund form their source, they have to provide all the information back up the chain. 

Because every one of these sensors has to be calibrated for laser safety, they were all checked at the factory. So returns that were not abused is almost non-existent. But if you really want to know what happened, this is how you go about it. 

- john

11 replies

John E KVAM
ST Employee
May 20, 2025

I've seen this before. Someone forgot to take the protective liner off the sensor.

We put that bit of tape over the sensor to prevent debris from getting into the sensor. And unfortunately, it's almost transparent. 

You would not be the first. A cellphone vendor did this and had to take apart 100 phones. 

what is happening is that the liner is causing a huge number of photons to be reflected back into the sensor. With a million photons at zero-distance, all your numbers are low. 

Please check it carefully.

- john

Associate
May 20, 2025

Hi John,

 

Thank you for a quick reply. I did check and the Kapton tape protection is not on, I've verified that. 

The difference I've noticed is that now the tape is removed by who ever is assembling the breakout boards. Many people must have faced this issue in the past. 

 

 

Thanks,

 

-raman

John E KVAM
ST Employee
May 20, 2025

There are three ways the sensor can range 'short'. One is offset - where every range is short (or long) by some constant value. 

The other is a crosstalk issue where some target is at about the right distance when the target is close, but as the target gets farther and farther away, the distance gets shorter and shorter. 

_legacyfs_online_stmicro_images_0693W00000biHM5QAM.png

The third thing that can happen is that the light gets obstructed.

On some of the VL53 sensors debris gets into either the transmit hole or receive hole.

This cannot happen on the VL53L1 due to the external filter. But if the filter is covered by flux residue, it will behave the same way.

So do you have an offset issue, a crosstalk issue or and obstruction issue?

And once we know what the issue is, we can find a solution.

- john

 

Associate
May 20, 2025

I think that's the issue. Is there a way to remove crosstalk calibration completely as there is no glass in front?

Are there any default values that could be tried to see if there is any change? I am very sure its the calibration or the offset but setting it does not make a change but the range reduces further.

 

Its not obstruction for sure. I have checked and both the glass are clean.

John E KVAM
ST Employee
May 20, 2025

Is there a way to remove crosstalk calibration completely as there is no glass in front?

With no glass, you should have no crosstalk. and by default, there is NO crosstalk set. 

Find a target where the range is 10-20% short and find the real distance. 

Then do the crosstalk calibration.

That will tell you how bad things are. 

Then try cleaning the sensor.

Try a puff of air. Try a wipe with a soft cloth. Try a SMALL amount of water. 

Harsh chemicals (Isopropyl alcohol) can melt the plastic, so be careful.

Then run the crosstalk again. 

See if it improves. 

Then you need to taik to your manufacturer and ask them when the pulled the liner. 

Taking off the liner causes the condition which leads to your poor ranging results.

- john

 

Associate
May 23, 2025

Thanks for your help John.

I went through various of your replies to people having issues with this sensor and decided to try recalibration with ST's software. I hooked it up to a Nucleo board and recalibrated in a dark box with the sensor at 140mm from a 17% gray sheet as recommended in the manual. 

Please advise on the correct calibration procedure in case I am doing something incorrectly. I have attached photos of the setup and software screenshot.

What I have noticed is that that the sensor can detect a white sheet at 50cm in Short mode, 30 cm in Medium Mode and 18cm in Long mode. I find this very strange, perhaps this could shed some light on what's going on?

Q: Does the sensor need a calibration in 3 modes separately?

 

Could these sensors be damaged during reflow? Is there an onboard firmware which is playing its part? 

It worries me because we bought these breakout boards from 2 different vendors and all exhibit the same problem. I suspect there could be thousands of boards with similar issues.

 

Thanks again.

 

cal.jpgScreenshot.jpgWhatsApp Image 2025-05-23 at 14.02.46.jpegWhatsApp Image 2025-05-23 at 14.02.47 (1).jpegWhatsApp Image 2025-05-23 at 14.02.47 (2).jpegWhatsApp Image 2025-05-23 at 14.02.47.jpeg

John E KVAM
ST Employee
May 23, 2025

Use white paper at 140 cm to do the offset correction. 

Use the dark gray or black to do the crosstalk correction. Distance is highly dependent on your coverglass. Do some experiments - range until you find that place where you are under-ranging by 10 or 20%. Then do the crosstalk from that distance.

In your case without a coverglass you should not have anywhere you are under-ranging. If you do, your sensor has an issue. 

If you cannot range beyond 40cm, you either still have the Kapton tape on, or there is debris on the filter. 

Double check for the tape. 

Do the calibration, then clean your filter. use a gentle chemical. Just water, maybe a little alcohol in it. Maybe some ammonia, but go easy. The do the calibration again. 

Does anything change?

- john 

Associate
May 26, 2025

Tried all that you suggested.

 

The Range is still the same, no improvement. Found one in the lot with the KAPTON still on, removed it and this again detects a white sheet up to 60cm in short mode, 33cm in medium mode and  17cm in Long mode. So its not the glass or the tape.

 

Do you think the entire lot is faulty? Uncalibrated or damaged laser?

 

I also suspect the voltage regulator and the associated caps. Can you advise if the power to the laser is different in the three modes?

John E KVAM
ST Employee
May 27, 2025

We can assume something is wrong. So, let's do an experiment. 

Take a good sensor and range on something. 

get the signal strength and number of SPADs.

Then take a 'bad' sensor and do the same thing in EXACTLY the same.

If you conclude you are getting 20M photons and using 62 SPADS on a good sensor and are only getting 10M photons using 162 spads then we know that there is not as much light returning from the target.

Two ways to make this happen. A blockage on the transmit side, or a blockage on the Receive side. In a naked sensor this is hard to do. With a coverglass or with an obstructed housing it's easy. 

Is your sensor installed - or out in the open?

in your picture, could it be that the black object be covering part of the Field of view?

JohnEKVAM_0-1748358808995.png

Re-adjust the sensor so that black bit is well away from the sensor. The light goes out in a code of 27 degrees, but there is roll-off at the edges. Perhaps that holder is reflecting and making a mess. 

- john

 

Associate
June 4, 2025

After having tried everything, I have put this on hold as we are way close to our delivery deadline. If this is the case I am sure many people will bring this up in the future, maybe a solution can be found then. For Now I have designed a custom board with the components and await its delivery. Thank you for all your help, If a solution is found, I will let everyone know.

 

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Associate
June 5, 2025

I removed the protective glass on one of the faulty sensors, The laser Cavity seems ok but the SPAD side has some resin in it, is it normal? Or it it flux that should not be there?  have we found the fault?

Photo attached.

WhatsApp Image 2025-06-05 at 13.05.12.jpeg

Associate
June 5, 2025

Bad Sensor

WhatsApp Image 2025-06-05 at 17.02.49.jpeg

Good Sensor: 

WhatsApp Image 2025-06-05 at 17.02.49 (1).jpeg

 

This is not flux, the optical lens on the SPAD side seems to have transformed into an opaque solid. Like cataract, Its either age or excessive heat. The mystery has been solved.  Its amazing how this sensor seems to work up till half a meter even when in such a condition. Can I claim this as a warranty issue? :D