Hello,
There are a lot of physical parameters that are involved in read range vs antenna size and that can't be easily develop here without entering deeply into math equations.
But basically, the more magnetic fields "lines" the antenna can capture, the better it is for read range. That means larger antennas provides more read range. But there are some other factors, like coupling factor between the reader antenna and the tag antenna, or reader's antenna size and reader's power.
The 60cm are practically achieved with high power readers with large antenna (for example the FEIG LR1002, that can deliver 4w on a 30cm antenna) and large tag antenna (class 1, credit card size).
A smartphone doesn't deliver enough power to reach such distances and usually have small antenna.
With a ST25DV on a class 1 antenna (credit card size antenna 50x80mm), you can expect 6 to 10cm read range depending on smartphones. If the ST25DV uses a smaller antenna like class 6 (20x25mm), expect between 3cm and 5cm with smartphones.
If you are using a more powerful reader like ST25R3916, you can expect to almost double those figures.
Best regards.