Hello @LysAn,
->Do I understand correctly, that MB1683 (B-CAMS-OMV) is only the adapter board
There is a wide range of camera modules and CMOS sensors that are compatible with the STM32 DCMI.
The table below lists some of them.

The B-CAMS-OMV is an example of compatible module with STM32 DCMI.
To know if a CMOS sensor (a camera module) is compatible with the DCMI or not, the user must check the following points in the CMOS sensor specifications:
• Parallel interface (8-, 10-, 12-, or 14-bit)
• Control signals (VSYNC, HSYNC, and PIXCLK)
• Supported pixel clock frequency output
• Supported data output
->UM2779 depicts the MB1683 connecting to the STM32 board via ZIF connector. But my Nucleo F756ZF doesn't have any ZIF connector...So how will I connect a Nucleo F756ZG to a camera? Its DCM pins are apparently not faded-out.
First of all you need to refer to STM32F756 datasheet and check all required pins for camera module (DCMI_PIXCLK, DCMI_HSYNC, DCMI_D0.....) are supported or not in STM32F756. If yes, you can use jumper wire to connect camera module CN4 pins with desired pins in Nucleo board by referring to UM1974 Figure11.
For example, you can find DCMI_PIXCLK on PA6


-> Could you suggest me a bucket list of STM products for a complete solution?
Could you please take a look at Introduction to digital camera interface (DCMI) for STM32 MCUs - Application note .
I hope this answer you request.
Thank you.
Kaouthar