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Kristof Mulier
Explorer
October 24, 2018
Solved

Separate GND-plane for microcontroller crystal resonator

  • October 24, 2018
  • 3 replies
  • 2953 views

1. Background info

I'm designing a board for an STM32F767ZI microcontroller. This microcontroller has a primary oscillator for the `SYSCLK` (overall system clock) and a secondary oscillator for the `RTCCLK` (real-time clock).

I selected the following crystal for the primary oscillator:

  > NX3225GD-8MHZ-EXS00A-CG04874‎ [DigiKey: 644-1391-1-ND‎]

And the following crystal for the secondary oscillator:

  ‎> NX3215SA-32.768KHZ-EXS00A-MU00525‎ [DigiKey: 644-1386-1-ND‎]

I selected the same crystals as those on the NUCLEO-F767ZI board from STMicroelectronics.

2. Recommendations from STMicroelectronics

The chip manufacturer recommends to provide a separate local GND-plane underneath each crystal. This GND-plane must be tied to the nearest GND-pin on the chip. I got that from Application Note AN2867:

https://www.st.com/content/ccc/resource/technical/document/application_note/c6/eb/5e/11/e3/69/43/eb/CD00221665.pdf/files/CD00221665.pdf/jcr:content/translations/en.CD00221665.pdf.

The following figure is from that document:

0690X000006CFXmQAO.png

You can see two crystals on the figure: X1 and X2. Each has its own local GND-plane, separated by a gap from the overall board GND-plane.

3. How to apply?

I wonder how I can apply these recommendations on the STM32F767ZI chip:

0690X000006CFXrQAO.png

Please note the two oscillators on the left side: `RCC_OSC32` for the real-time clock and `RCC_OSC` for the general system clock. Also note the 9 GND pins (named `VSS`) on the chip.

Unfortunately, there is only one (!) GND pin on the left side of the chip. How can I properly apply the recommendations from STMicro? No matter what I try, I end up with one of the local GND-planes stretching out to reach a GND-pin far away ... probably not what STMicro had in mind.

    This topic has been closed for replies.
    Best answer by Tesla DeLorean

    Perhaps look at the NUCLEO-144 gerbers to see how ST follows their own suggestions.

    How many layers does your board have? Can you have the PF bank pins route east under the device?

    A large ground fill under the QFP?

    I think the end goal here is to avoid random current flows back to the regulators tracking under your oscillators and the wires connecting to the STM32. These should be low peak-to-peak signals, and you're trying to avoid interactions with signals banging rail-to-rail, or the less obvious return current paths as all the CMOS transistors switch state. The gaps don't impact the potential, just where the electrons want to go.

    3 replies

    T
    Tesla DeLoreanAnswer
    Graduate II
    October 24, 2018

    Perhaps look at the NUCLEO-144 gerbers to see how ST follows their own suggestions.

    How many layers does your board have? Can you have the PF bank pins route east under the device?

    A large ground fill under the QFP?

    I think the end goal here is to avoid random current flows back to the regulators tracking under your oscillators and the wires connecting to the STM32. These should be low peak-to-peak signals, and you're trying to avoid interactions with signals banging rail-to-rail, or the less obvious return current paths as all the CMOS transistors switch state. The gaps don't impact the potential, just where the electrons want to go.

    K
    Kristof MulierAuthor
    Explorer
    October 24, 2018

    Hi @Community member​ , I looked for the gerber files of this NUCLEO-F767ZI board. With a gerber viewer, I discovered that the general GND-plane runs under the oscillators as if they were no different from any other component. They definitely don't have their own local GND-plane.

    Why is STMicro not following their own advice?

    M
    MikeDB
    Visitor II
    May 30, 2019

    Probably because the ST person didn't read their own app-notes. This whole thing of how to protect crystals from noise began in the 1960/70s (Bob Pease possibly ?) and I've been following it every since then so the app-note is correct, the designer was wrong. You can usually find a way to put the protective ground around the resonator in every case I've seen.

    K
    kedopofe kedopofe
    Visitor II
    May 30, 2019

    In the FAQ about their ceramic resonators, Murata says:

    • It is ideal to place land pattern of oscillation circuit symmetrically about the resonator. 
    • It is important to place the resonator close to the IC and make length of the tracks short.
    • Do not run a ground plane under the ceramic resonator or under the tracks connecting the resonator and the IC.

    My opinion: running a ground plane under the resonator or under the tracks connecting resonator and IC adds parasitic capacitance to the resonator, which changes resonator frequency slightly.

    Reference: https://www.murata.com/en-eu/support/faqs/products/timingdevice/ceralock/mnt/cc0010

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