ADC measurement noise on STM32G0 based MCUs
I'm using the STM32G071C8U7 microcontroller for AC-DC converter, and despite calibrating the ADC and obtaining mostly accurate measurements for all sampled channels, there is an inherent noise problem. When shorting one ADC channel to ground, I can't achieve a 0 count reading. Instead, the ADC measured value varies by 3 counts, occasionally spiking even higher. This issue persists across multiple boards (non-dev boards), causing concern as the signal is vital for closed-loop control.
In the initial implementation, the ADC runs at a 12 MHz clock frequency, triggered every 15 us. 5 channels are sampled using a sequencer with a sample duration of 3.5 ADC clocks, totaling 6 PCLK. In this MCU, the VREF+ pin is external and I have it connected directly to the VDD/VDDA pin. I am aware of 3 major noise-contributing factors in ADC measurements: power supply, reference voltage, and external measurement circuitry. To address the external circuitry issue, I used a free pin with no external connections, shorting it directly to ground. However, the measurements never really reads 0, instead it oscillates by 3 counts.
Finally, I conducted another test to assess potential issues with the noisy VREF+ by disconnecting it from VDD/VDDA. I used an internal voltage reference of 2.048 (VREFBUF) with a 100 nF external 0603 X7R cap. Unfortunately, this did not resolve the issue, as the same random noise persisted, fluctuating by 3 LSB at least. And yes I did implement the wait function which ensures that VREFBUF is enabled correctly.
Now, I'm considering whether the LDO voltage of 3.3V, powering all analog/digital circuitry, might be the problem. However, the LP2985-33DBVRM3 LDO which is from TI has excellent characteristics and isn't working at full capacity. Options to address this noise-related problem seem limited now. I suspect that the merging of analog VDDA/VSSA and digital VDD/VSS power supply pins in the STM32G0-based MCUs could be contributing to this issue. In contrast, using STM32F051K4U6 MCUs previously didn't result in such significant random noise across all analog pins.
I wonder if there is anything that could be done to suppress this noise further (apart from filtering it in software) or should I look for a different MCU that has dedicated analog power supply pins instead? There are several more things I could try. I could try increasing supply voltage from 3.3V to 3.6V, but I am afraid that noise will scale with higher supply voltage as well. Another solution perhaps would be to go with STM32G4 series, but that is relatively more expensive MCU. Please reach out to me regarding this mater ST engineers or other folks that have experience with this problem. All advices are appreciated in advance.