OK now the picture is clear. I don't see an issue in your CAN configuration.
Meanwhile:
1- It's recommended to use HSE with an external crystal instead of using HSI. But in your project you are selectiong HSI as clock source for PLL for both projects:

2- From your schematics you still using a 10K resistor in series with the crystal while I said in your previous post here this is a big value for a series resistor. You need to calculate it or simply shunt it.
So please use the external resistor with a very low resistor value.
3- I also recommend to check the CAN_H and CAN_L connections. Connect the cable between the boards and use a continuity tester and check the connection of CAN_H/CAN_L on the transceivers' pins. Not on the cable or the connector but on the transceivers' pins.