Powering with the STLK jumper is fine, the trick at least with the H747-DISCO was to completely disconnect the board from ALL power sources, and connect/disconnect the sole cable several times, with the BOOT0 pads solder bridged to VCC
The H7 has a weird reset methodology the NRST is not the same as the Power-On-Reset, which recovers settings/options from flash, as part of some security mechanism and starting thru ROM. If the Flash is not blank, it then transfers control.
Your code is perhaps executing, I think that putting some break-out/erase code to check a GPIO pin prior to the SMPS/LDO and VOS settings might permit simpler recovery. I'd probably use the BLUE USER button to nuke the device during future development.