I hate the way that code was delivered. The platform layer (VL53L0_platform.c) was written to communicate to a Windows PC. And nobody does that. Well, apparently one guy did. But nobody else.
Our instructions tell you to gut the VL53L0_platform.c file and rewrite it for your MCU.
But that's silly - you are using an STM32.
So here is what I think you should do.
Create a different project using a VL53L3CX. This L3 sensor is supported by the X-cube so it will be included.
When you create the code for this project there will be a VL53L3_platform.c
Then compare this VL53L3_platform.c to the VL53L0_platform.c function names.
It will give you a good head start. You might have to fix a few things, but the basic communication is there and it should be easy. (I know - famous last words.)
You can also try finding a VL53L0_platform.c on GitHub.
Good luck,