In theSTM32F103C8T6 RTC only has a 32-bit counter (the "RTC counter"), which counts seconds. The date is calculated in software based on the counter value.
The date (year, month, day) is calculated by your code (or the HAL/StdPeriph library) from the RTC counter. Any software variables or RAM values are lost when power off unless you store them in the RTC backup registers